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Oliver County – Government Finance

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Government finances play a pivotal role in shaping the local economy, influencing economic growth, stability, and the overall well-being of communities. The impact of government finances on the local economy can be analyzed through several key mechanisms, including public spending, taxation, debt management, and fiscal policies. These elements collectively determine the flow of resources, the level of economic activity, and the quality of life for residents.

  1. Public Spending and Investment One of the most direct ways government finances affect the local economy is through public spending. Governments allocate funds to infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, public safety, and social services. These investments create jobs, stimulate demand for goods and services, and enhance the productivity of the local workforce. For instance, building roads, bridges, and public transportation systems not only provides immediate employment opportunities but also improves connectivity, reducing transportation costs for businesses and facilitating trade. Similarly, investments in education and healthcare contribute to a skilled and healthy workforce, which is essential for long-term economic growth.

  2. Taxation Policies Taxation is another critical component of government finances that impacts the local economy. Taxes fund public services and infrastructure, but they also influence the behavior of individuals and businesses. High tax rates can discourage investment and consumption, potentially stifling economic growth. Conversely, low tax rates may attract businesses and stimulate spending but can lead to budget deficits if not managed properly. Progressive taxation, where higher-income individuals pay a larger share, can reduce income inequality and increase disposable income for lower-income households, boosting local demand for goods and services.

  3. Debt Management Government borrowing and debt management also have significant implications for the local economy. When governments borrow to finance deficits or invest in long-term projects, they can stimulate economic activity in the short term. However, excessive debt can lead to higher interest rates, crowding out private investment, and increasing the risk of financial instability. Effective debt management ensures that borrowing is sustainable and that funds are used efficiently to generate economic returns.

  4. Fiscal Policies Fiscal policies, including government spending and taxation, are tools used to manage economic cycles. During economic downturns, expansionary fiscal policies, such as increased spending and tax cuts, can stimulate demand and help the economy recover. Conversely, during periods of high inflation, contractionary fiscal policies, such as reduced spending and higher taxes, can help cool down the economy. The timing and effectiveness of these policies are crucial in stabilizing the local economy and maintaining public confidence.

  5. Social and Economic Equity Government finances also play a role in promoting social and economic equity. Redistributive policies, such as social welfare programs and subsidies, can reduce poverty and inequality, leading to a more inclusive economy. By providing a safety net for vulnerable populations, governments can ensure that all residents have access to basic needs, which in turn supports overall economic stability and growth.

  6. Conclusion In summary, government finances have a profound impact on the local economy through public spending, taxation, debt management, and fiscal policies. Effective management of these financial tools can stimulate economic growth, reduce inequality, and enhance the quality of life for residents. Conversely, poor financial management can lead to economic instability, reduced investment, and social unrest. Therefore, it is essential for governments to adopt prudent fiscal policies and ensure that financial resources are allocated efficiently and equitably to support sustainable economic development.

A key indicator for comparison is how much government collects, spends and and establishes debt for each resident under its perview.

The revenue per resident at the local level is:

4,997.37

The expenses per resident at the local level is:

5,200.63

The outstanding debt per resident at the local level is:

868.7

 
OliverNorth DakotaNational



LocalLocalLocalLocalStateState
PerContri-PerContri-PerContri-
LocalPer CentStatePer CentCapitabutionNationalPer CentCapitabutionCapitabution
Description(,000's)Per Capitato Total(,000's)Per Capitato TotalIndexIndex(,000's)Per Capitato TotalIndexIndexIndexIndex

Revenue9,5154,997.37100.005,810,7257,381.10100.000.681.002,344,548,4806,947.35100.000.721.001.061.00

  General revenue9,3284,899.1698.035,517,9077,009.1494.960.701.032,168,968,4006,427.0792.510.761.061.091.03

    Intergovernmental revenue5,3162,792.0255.872,672,9753,395.3646.000.821.21808,559,1482,395.9234.491.171.621.421.33
      From Federal government1,187623.4212.48341,628433.955.881.442.12146,274,793433.446.241.442.001.000.94
      From State government4,1292,168.5943.392,331,3472,961.4040.120.731.08662,284,3551,962.4828.251.111.541.511.42
      From local government00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

    General revenue from own sources4,0122,107.1442.172,844,9323,613.7948.960.580.861,360,409,2524,031.1558.020.520.730.900.84
      Taxes2,9981,574.5831.511,634,5662,076.3128.130.761.12894,124,7052,649.4638.140.590.830.780.74
        Property2,7691,454.3129.101,257,3961,597.2121.640.911.34627,434,2421,859.2126.760.781.090.860.81
        Sales & gross receipts17491.391.83342,695435.315.900.210.31165,801,503491.307.070.190.260.890.83
          General sales16385.611.71304,014386.185.230.220.33125,994,306373.355.370.230.321.030.97
          Selective sales115.780.1238,68149.130.670.120.1739,807,197117.961.700.050.070.420.39
            Motor fuel sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,892,6875.610.080.000.000.000.00
            Alcoholic beverage sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.00845,0352.500.040.000.000.000.00
            Tobacco product sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.00318,8170.940.010.000.000.000.00
            Public utilities115.780.1224,16030.690.420.190.2815,744,64746.650.670.120.170.660.62
            Other selective sales00.000.0014,52118.450.250.000.0021,006,01162.240.900.000.000.300.28
        Individual income tax00.000.0000.000.000.000.0044,730,192132.541.910.000.000.000.00
        Corporate income tax00.000.0000.000.000.000.0011,009,92732.620.470.000.000.000.00
        Motor vehicle license00.000.003690.470.010.000.002,263,6136.710.100.000.000.070.07
        Other taxes5528.890.5834,10643.320.590.670.9842,885,228127.081.830.230.320.340.32

      Charges & misc general revenue1,014532.5610.661,210,3661,537.4720.830.350.51466,284,5471,381.6919.890.390.541.111.05
        Current charges578303.576.07499,390634.358.590.480.71365,048,3361,081.7115.570.280.390.590.55
          Education198103.992.0855,16370.070.951.482.1919,143,89456.730.821.832.551.241.16
            Institution of higher education00.000.0000.000.000.000.007,681,25722.760.330.000.000.000.00
            School lunch sales (gross)2010.500.2111,23014.260.190.741.091,566,4414.640.072.263.153.072.89
          Hospitals00.000.001970.250.000.000.00124,953,811370.265.330.000.000.000.00
          Highways10.530.0119,76525.110.340.020.0310,287,28930.480.440.020.020.820.78
          Air transportation (airports)00.000.0028,23935.870.490.000.0022,414,40266.420.960.000.000.540.51
          Parking facilities00.000.003,7744.790.060.000.002,924,3498.670.120.000.000.550.52
          Sea and inland port facilities00.000.0000.000.000.000.004,760,82614.110.200.000.000.000.00
          Natural resources17994.011.8811,04214.030.196.709.902,531,1967.500.1112.5317.431.871.76
          Parks and recreation157.880.1689,637113.861.540.070.109,708,20828.770.410.270.383.963.73
          Housing and comm development00.000.008,07910.260.140.000.007,308,73521.660.310.000.000.470.45
          Sewerage8645.170.9092,858117.951.600.380.5768,695,647203.562.930.220.310.580.55
          Solid waste management5830.460.6189,100113.181.530.270.4021,694,93864.290.930.470.661.761.66
          Other charges4121.530.43101,536128.981.750.170.2570,625,041209.283.010.100.140.620.58

        Miscellaneous general revenue436228.994.58710,976903.1212.240.250.37101,236,211299.984.320.761.063.012.83
          Interest earnings94.730.0929,02036.860.500.130.1910,227,01630.300.440.160.221.221.14
          Special assessments7941.490.83175,169222.513.010.190.2815,026,42544.530.640.931.305.004.70
          Sale of property136.830.1417,73222.520.310.300.453,784,73711.210.160.610.852.011.89
          Other general revenue335175.953.52489,055621.228.420.280.4272,198,033213.943.080.821.142.902.73

  Utility revenue18798.211.97292,818371.955.040.260.39173,592,043514.397.400.190.270.720.68
    Water supply18798.211.97262,813333.844.520.290.4380,167,107237.553.420.410.571.411.32
    Electric power00.000.0026,31933.430.450.000.0078,135,733231.533.330.000.000.140.14
    Gas supply00.000.002260.290.000.000.007,630,12322.610.330.000.000.010.01
    Transit00.000.003,4604.400.060.000.007,659,08022.700.330.000.000.190.18

  Liquor store revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,988,0375.890.080.000.000.000.00

  Insurance trust revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.00162,8580.480.010.000.000.000.00
    Unemployment compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.00162,8580.480.010.000.000.000.00
    Employee retirement00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
    Workers' compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
    Other insurance trust revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Expenditure9,9025,200.63100.005,266,8936,690.29100.000.781.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.781.001.001.00

  Intergovernmental expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
  Direct expenditure9,9025,200.63100.005,266,8936,690.29100.000.781.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.781.001.001.00
    Current operation7,7004,044.1277.763,976,0775,050.6375.490.801.031,887,390,8875,592.7083.720.720.930.900.90
    Capital outlay2,1521,130.2521.731,116,6441,418.4221.200.801.03284,581,195843.2712.621.341.721.681.68
      Construction2,1521,130.2521.731,116,6441,418.4221.200.801.03284,581,195843.2712.621.341.721.681.68
    Assistance and subsidies00.000.0000.000.000.000.002,376,9447.040.110.000.000.000.00
    Interest on debt5026.260.50174,172221.243.310.120.1580,069,491237.263.550.110.140.930.93
    Insurance benefits and repayments00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
    Exhibit: salaries & wages2,7851,462.7128.131,424,4491,809.4127.050.811.04525,546,0041,557.2923.310.941.211.161.16

  Direct expenditure by function9,9025,200.63100.005,266,8936,690.29100.000.781.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.781.001.001.00
    Direct general expenditure9,7055,097.1698.014,899,3096,223.3793.020.821.052,024,660,7925,999.4689.810.851.091.041.04
      Capital outlay2,1521,130.2521.73997,9501,267.6518.950.891.15233,677,777692.4310.371.632.101.831.83


Education services:
      Other direct general expenditure7,5533,966.9176.283,901,3594,955.7274.070.801.031,790,983,0155,307.0379.440.750.960.930.93
      Education4,5842,407.5646.292,135,4972,712.6240.550.891.14862,837,2522,556.7538.270.941.211.061.06
          Capital outlay232121.852.34266,380338.375.060.360.4689,314,081264.653.960.460.591.281.28
        Higher education00.000.0000.000.000.000.0046,067,730136.512.040.000.000.000.00
          Capital outlay00.000.0000.000.000.000.005,394,84215.990.240.000.000.000.00
        Elementary & Secondary education4,5842,407.5646.292,135,4972,712.6240.550.891.14814,392,5782,413.2036.121.001.281.121.12
          Capital outlay232121.852.34266,380338.375.060.360.4683,919,239248.673.720.490.631.361.36
        Other education00.000.0000.000.000.000.002,376,9447.040.110.000.000.000.00
      Libraries00.000.0020,53326.080.390.000.0013,625,82240.380.600.000.000.650.65


Social services and income maintenance:
      Public welfare6433.610.6571,66391.031.360.370.4867,699,317200.613.000.170.220.450.45
        Other public welfare6433.610.6571,66391.031.360.370.4867,699,317200.613.000.170.220.450.45
      Hospitals00.000.00860.110.000.000.00141,312,054418.736.270.000.000.000.00
        Capital outlay00.000.00780.100.000.000.006,546,84619.400.290.000.000.010.01
      Health383201.163.8798,666125.331.871.602.0677,108,561228.493.420.881.130.550.55
      Social insurance administration00.000.0000.000.000.000.0035,9470.110.000.000.000.000.00
      Veterans' services00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Transportaion:
      Highways620325.636.26619,253786.6111.760.410.5382,616,882244.813.661.331.713.213.21
        Capital outlay19099.791.92254,700323.534.840.310.4030,060,50189.081.331.121.443.633.63
      Air transportation (airports)00.000.0087,821111.551.670.000.0028,556,24984.621.270.000.001.321.32
      Parking facilities00.000.003,5004.450.070.000.002,108,1706.250.090.000.000.710.71
      Sea and inland port facilities00.000.0000.000.000.000.004,034,90811.960.180.000.000.000.00

Public safety:
      Police protection423222.164.27236,343300.224.490.740.95119,298,947353.515.290.630.810.850.85
      Fire protection8343.590.84120,851153.512.290.280.3764,033,823189.742.840.230.300.810.81
      Correction63.150.0671,32590.601.350.030.0432,595,24396.591.450.030.040.940.94
        Capital outlay00.000.004,1955.330.080.000.00915,2972.710.040.000.001.961.96
      Protective inspection & regulation00.000.0013,10416.650.250.000.007,062,87020.930.310.000.000.800.79

Environment and housing:
      Natural resources411215.864.15165,552210.293.141.031.3213,342,66139.540.595.467.015.325.31
        Capital outlay00.000.0059,58875.691.130.000.004,485,96313.290.200.000.005.695.69
      Parks and recreation262137.612.65268,783341.425.100.400.5243,717,263129.541.941.061.362.642.63
        Capital outlay21.050.0242,99554.610.820.020.0210,096,60129.920.450.040.051.831.82
      Housing and comm development00.000.0067,40185.621.280.000.0058,336,344172.862.590.000.000.500.49
      Sewerage1,762925.4217.79124,290157.882.365.867.5468,504,527202.993.044.565.860.780.78
        Capital outlay1,709897.5817.2664,47481.901.2210.9614.1023,319,98269.101.0312.9916.681.191.18
      Solid waste management5428.360.5589,321113.461.700.250.3228,653,83084.911.270.330.431.341.33
        Capital outlay00.000.0016,88221.440.320.000.001,863,1165.520.080.000.003.883.88

Governmental administration:
      Financial administration212111.342.1470,37589.391.341.251.6023,707,42470.251.051.582.041.271.27
      Judicial and legal2613.660.2634,22843.480.650.310.4027,887,73782.641.240.170.210.530.53
      General public buildings294154.412.9758,04573.731.102.092.6913,643,40540.430.613.824.911.821.82
      Other governmental administration475249.474.8084,552107.401.612.322.9937,267,357110.431.652.262.900.970.97
      Interest on general debt4624.160.46158,703201.593.010.120.1566,807,524197.962.960.120.161.021.02

General expenditures, n.e.c.:
      Misc commercial activities00.000.001,4101.790.030.000.002,707,8798.020.120.000.000.220.22
      Other and unallocable00.000.00298,007378.545.660.000.00137,158,796406.436.080.000.000.930.93

Utility expenditures:
    Utility expenditure197103.471.99367,584466.936.980.220.29228,078,201675.8410.120.150.200.690.69
        Capital outlay00.000.00118,694150.772.250.000.0050,897,505150.822.260.000.001.001.00
      Water supply197103.471.99318,751404.896.050.260.3382,479,587244.403.660.420.541.661.65
      Electric power00.000.0019,46924.730.370.000.0073,696,368218.383.270.000.000.110.11
      Gas supply00.000.002400.300.000.000.007,182,24421.280.320.000.000.010.01
      Transit00.000.0029,12436.990.550.000.0064,720,002191.782.870.000.000.190.19

Liquor store expenditures:
    Liquor store expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,679,5244.980.070.000.000.000.00

Insurance trust expenditures:
    Insurance trust expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
      Unemployment compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
      Employee retirement00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
      Workers' compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
      Other insurance trust00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Debt outstanding1,654868.70100.004,874,6596,192.06100.000.141.002,042,775,1706,053.14100.000.141.001.021.00

  Short-term debt outstanding00.000.0057,94473.601.190.000.0028,356,92884.031.390.000.000.880.86
  Long-term debt outstanding1,654868.70100.004,816,7156,118.4598.810.141.012,014,418,2425,969.1198.610.151.011.031.00

Long-term debt issued445NANA707,353NANANANA264,717,314NANANANANANA
Long-term debt retired187NANA746,844NANANANA218,916,559NANANANANANA


Sources: STI: PopStats and STI: Colossus